Systems Of Social Representation Research Articles

Особенности когнитивного компонента «ресурса вовлеченности» студентов, имеющих различный образовательный опыт

The article considers the author's model of the “resource of involvement” of a person in the space of life fulfillment; substantiates the understanding of the cognitive component of the “resource of involvement” as a system of social representations. Purpose of the work: on the example of students' representations about the educational space (as a space of life fulfillment) and “involving figures” (teachers), to identify the content peculiarities of the cognitive component of the “involvement resource” of students with different educational experience. It is shown that, according to students, the “educational space of the university” and “digital educational space” differ from the ideal, the degree of idealization of the latter decreases as students gain experience in blended and distance learning. The most significant for students are the “logicality” of the educational space and the “fairness” of teachers.

A Study of the Scientist’s Image in the Context of S. Moscovici’s Theory of Social Representations

The article describes the scientific and social aspects of the functioning of the scientific school created by S. Mosсoviсi, revealing various forms of this association: a research team, a scientific direction, an invisible college. The authors focus on the possibility of studying social representations through the inclusion of new analytical methods in the diagnostic toolkit, in particular, iconographic documents and images of a social object, which indicates the current stage of the functioning of S. Mosсoviсis scientific school. The formation of social representations not only through verbal associations but also through drawings is explored by the authors through the example of how adolescents develop their social representations of a scientist. The purpose of this study is to highlight the categorical features of the image of a scientist in modern Russian adolescents, identified using the DAST drawing technique. The hypothesis of the research is the assumption that the system of social representations of a scientist among Russian adolescents contains both stable indicators of a persons belonging to the professional scientific community and variable contextual elements of the scientists image, whereas the degree of expression and the ratio of stable and contextual elements reflect the characteristics of the scientists image in domestic respondents. The Draw-A-Scientist Test (DAST) technique was used as the main diagnostic tool aimed at identifying adolescent representations of a scientist based on iconographic associations.The obtained drawings were analyzed by the expert evaluation method, involving the procedures of correlation and factor analysis. The results of the study show that Russian adolescents generally have a stereotypical representation of a scientist associated with the use of general indicators of external appearance, which determine the professional affiliation of the character depicted. Differences were found in the frequency of using stable and contextual iconographic elements of drawings. It has been shown that it is possible to use the drawing technique as a diagnostic tool for identifying social representations of a scientist based on an analysis of the meaning of an object through its iconographic fixation.

Aspects de l’histoire environnementale comparée: la gestion intégrée de l’eau (GIRE) dans la perspective de bassin versant

The broad complementarity of the respective objectives and practices of modern approaches to water management is organized in a functional hierarchy based in a comprehensive conceptual framework of integrated water resources management (IWRM) by identifying, on the one hand, more pronounced institutional and social goals with governance and, on the other hand, ethical aims with the sustainable development approach. These management approaches have adopted the watershed as a management unit. For its part, antiquity shows comparable cases that may provide not only lessons of the past, but also a laboratory to enrich the conceptual content of these management approaches. These two sources of knowledge −empirical of the Ancients and scientific of the Moderns− evolve at the same time, as the nascent discipline of comparative environmental history does not incorporate a time horizon covering past-present-future while comparative studies of modern approaches to water resource management do not go much beyond the pragmatic framework necessary to assess achievements and challenges. Considered jointly, the two approaches may generate promising methodological research avenues. We have chosen therefore the system of social representations as a qualitative value assessment tool for analyzing the impacts of society-natural environment interactions which leads us to identify the waterside ecosystem as a relevant socio-environmental system −Riparia – which may be considered appropriate for the purpose of developing the basin wide management approach.

Representaciones sociales de la docencia universitaria y de las prácticas pedagógicas desde la mirada de estudiantes de ciencias de la salud

Estudiar y reflexionar acerca de las representaciones sociales de la docencia universitaria y de las prácticas pedagógicas desde la mirada de los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud permite realizar un análisis de la realidad que se vive en las instituciones públicas de educación superior en México. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el núcleo figurativo de las representaciones sociales de la docencia universitaria y de las prácticas pedagógicas de profesores del área de la salud. Metodológicamente, se utilizó la técnica de redes semánticas naturales para determinar las representaciones sociales y las prácticas pedagógicas del docente universitario desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes. El valor de las redes semánticas naturales reside en que las taxonomías obtenidas son generadas de manera directa de la memoria semántica del sujeto, y el orden otorgado va de acuerdo con su escala de valores y percepciones. Como parte de los resultados, se determinó que el núcleo figurativo “Docencia universitaria” recae en el concepto central de estar preparado para impartir la clase, seguido de los conceptos que integran el sistema periférico de la representaciones sociales: confianza, responsable, comprometido y asertivo. Todos estos componentes son básicos para determinar las redes de asociaciones. En tanto que para el núcleo figurativo “Prácticas pedagógicas”, el concepto central es el de aplicación de examen como herramienta principal para evaluar los aprendizajes de los estudiantes del área de la salud, seguido de los conceptos que integran el sistema periférico de las representaciones sociales: exposición, cuadro sinóptico, mapas conceptuales y resumen. Todos estos componentes son básicos para determinar las redes de asociaciones. En conclusión, en cuanto a las redes de asociaciones de las respuestas de los universitarios de ciencias de la salud que se presentan en la configuración del núcleo central de las representaciones sociales de la docencia universitaria, que corresponden a la primera red de asociación, el concepto central alude a la preparación académica de los docentes. La segunda red de asociaciones de las representaciones sociales de las prácticas pedagógicas, por su parte, permite determinar el contenido y organización de la representación social, la cual es determinada por la evaluación de los aprendizajes a través del examen.

[School nurses in France’s Éducation nationale: A mixed study on education and health promotion practices].

School nurses in France’s Éducation nationale are a specific community within the education sector, entrusted with the mission of education and health promotion, thus requiring an adaptation of their role, their status, and their professional practices. The literature emphasizes the link between knowledge, systems of social representation, and standards of practices that revolve around individual conceptions. Based on a mixed methodology, the study focuses on the analysis of the results of a qualitative study through interviews with a sample of the population, followed by a national survey using questionnaires. These conceptions are strongly influenced by professional practice in the Éducation nationale. The role of school nurses in health education evolves according to the duration of professional practice: from health concepts that need to be taught, to a holistic approach to health education, through to advice and support to schools and teachers. This study advances lines of thought in the organization of initial or in-service training, with the aim of constructing the specific role of the school nurse as “a specialized practice in professional nursing.”

Entre a modernidade e a tradição: a iniciação sexual de adolescentes piauienses universitárias

A sexualidade, enquanto fenômeno que propicia momentos singulares de descobrimento de si e do outro, permite a realização de práticas permeadas por simbolizações adquiridas na adolescência. Por sofrer influência de fatores genéticos, sociais e culturais, o comportamento sexual adolescente é, por vezes, permeado por situações conflituosas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo desvelar comportamentos sexuais de acadêmicas de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Piauí, bem como seus mecanismos de influência, e compreender os aspectos que envolvem a iniciação sexual, considerando os entraves desencadeados pela formação tradicional e aspirações modernizantes. Adotou-se o método etnográfico, aplicando-se entrevistas em profundidade a 12 estudantes, nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2009. As entrevistas relevaram interseção entre comportamento sexual e cultura, permitindo visualizar o poder exercido pelos sistemas de representação social. É importante pontuar sobre a necessidade de mais olhares sobre o assunto por ser emergente nos diversos cenários do existir humano.

СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О РИСКЕ

In this article results of the analysis of a place and a role of risk in system of social representations are discussed. The structure of social representations about risk is studied. Inter-generation features of perception of risk are analyzed.

ASPECTOS DO COMPORTAMENTO SEXUAL NOS DISCURSOS DE ADOLESCENTES PIAUIENSES UNIVERSITÁRIAS

Sexuality as a phenomenon that allows an individual to experience unique moments of discovering self and other, constitutes a special aspect in the human experience, through which establishes standards of practice permeated by symbols acquired during adolescence. Considered a period of transition from childhood to adulthood, this stage is influenced by genetic, social and cultural aspects, leading to formation of concepts, decision-making and performance of sexual practices often contextualized by conflict situations, like the lack of desire by parents and encouragement by friends. Anthropology supports the comprehension of these factors, since it aims to examine man’s relationship with the various systems of symbolic representation such as family and religion, both influential in the formation of the meanings established in several contexts. Thus, this study aimed to uncover the meanings and sexual behaviors of these adolescents considering the various mechanisms of influence that exist in order to understand how to structure the meanings produced by them with regard to human sexuality, taking into account barriers caused by the rural training and modernizing aspirations, expressed through the attitudes reported by them face to the struggle itself of the human existence. In order to achieve the proposed objective, it was opted for qualitative methods and exploratory research whose sample consisted of twelve adolescents admitted to the nursing course at the Federal University of Piaui. The data analysis was made by using the technique of discourse analysis, in which eight thematic categories might emerge. The testimonies revealed several points of intersection between the field of sexuality and culture, allowing to see further in their discursive statements the power exerted by the systems of social representation. The symbolic power appeared translated into the language through which flowed the opinions about what is thought, said and done in the field of sexuality. The structures that influence these girls on thinking and acting, such as family, church, friends and loving partner, emerged emphatically from the speeches, showing up a degree in the power practiced by each one, reflecting consequences qualified as positive and negative by the interviewees. It is important to emphasize the need for more critical attention in relation to sexuality, due to be an emerging subject in the various scenarios of human life, being more or less focused, more or less important depending on the context in which it manifests. Knowing more about the sexual universe of the university adolescents contributed to understand the conflicts experienced in thi s life stage, the scope of the different mechanisms of influence on these girls’ concepts and behaviors and how these adolescents justify their sexual behavior after enrolling in the university segment.

Civilizados, Bárbaros, Europeus Três homens de letras em face do inimigo - 1914-1925

A concepção de que a guerra seria uma luta da civilização contra a barbárie, na qual o engajamento pessoal e a mobilização dos cidadãos se embeberiam de um sentimento de ódio pelo inimigo nacional, foi o discurso que estabeleceu o eixo principal dos sistemas de representação social, na França da Grande Guerra. Enquanto representação coletiva, a radical desumanização do inimigo (a Alemanha), que com sua suposta barbárie ameaçaria a civilização (a França), foi a fórmula que fundamentou grande parte da mobilização física e intelectual dos franceses. Traduzido para a experiência pessoal destes homens, o ódio ao inimigo aparece como um sentimento real, internalizado pelos que vivenciaram a brutalidade da guerra; e um sentimento histórica e identitariamente construído, que toma forma de acordo com a experiência de cada um. Tendo em conta o interesse da História Cultural em restituir aos sentimentos seu justo lugar na conformação do passado, este artigo se propõe a seguir a trajetória de três homens de letras - André Gide, Jean Schlumberger, e Jacques Rivière -, investigando como suas experiências de vida levaram-nos a expressar o ódio, produzindo representações diversas do inimigo, durante dois momentos de grande comoção na França: a passagem da paz à Guerra, em agosto de 1914; e, com a vitória, o retorno da guerra à paz, no entre-guerras que se seguiu.

European women’s thesaurus

Even though the participation of the women in the society and the work is as old as history, is not it as much its valuation compared throughout the times. And it will not be until beginnings of century XX, with the obtaining of the citizenship and the right to the vote, that the feminine group begins to modify its social papers and functions, getting up itself progressively, throughout the century, will be transforming and money changer cultural, systems of social representation and legislative customs, values, causing consequently, the social recognition of the women and a better balance between men and women inside the society.

La constitution sociale du sujet et la sociabilité moderne. Un questionnement historique de la sociologie de la connaissance

Fred E. Schrader, Modern Sociability and the Social Constitution of the Subject : An Historical Inquiry into the Sociology of Knowledge ; In 1910, Emile Durkheim opened a section of the Annee sociologique called The Sociological Condition of Knowledge. There, as in his Les formes elementaires de la vie religieuse, he developed the idea that individual knowledge is constituted and dominated by a intellectuality, a system of social representations, a world of notion-types which transcends the individual person. In Germany, this problematic was developed twenty years later by Karl Mannheim. His cousin, Ernst Manheim, raised Durkheim's questioning while rendering it more concrete within the context of anthropological analysis having as its theme the constitution of the modern subject by socialization, even intellectual, through diverse forms of communication and especially of socialization from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century.